Estudio fisiológico y bioquímico de la tolerancia a la sequía de un conjunto de cultivares de olivo
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2022-07-29
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] El estrés hídrico supone uno de los mayores condicionantes abióticos en el funcionamiento y progreso de las especies vegetales, pues influye en el correcto desarrollo de la mayoría de procesos fisiológicos y metabólicos de la planta. La escasez de agua, fruto del aumento progresivo de las temperaturas debido al cambio climático, es uno de los problemas más preocupantes en los que se enfoca la ciencia agraria actualmente.
En esta memoria, se pretende analizar la severidad con la que afecta este factor a individuos de 14 cultivares distintos de olivo, determinando una serie de parámetros fotosintéticos y bioquímicos de tolerancia a la sequía, con el objetivo de evaluar cuáles de ellos presentan mayor resistencia o sensibilidad al déficit hídrico. Estos cultivares tienen especial importancia ya
que son los más representativos en los campos de olivares existentes en toda la cuenca mediterránea.
Se han llevado a cabo mediciones de parámetros fotosintéticos, humedad del suelo, y parámetros bioquímicos para poder discernir de entre esas 14 variedades, las más tolerantes, y las más sensibles de entre los mismos, correspondiendo a Chemlali, Sikitita y Arbosana como las más resisitentes al déficit hídrico de entre las analizadas y Koroneiki, Cornezuelo de
Jaén y Manzanilla de Sevilla. como las más sensibles a la sequia
[EN] Water stress is one of the major abiotic factors in the life cycle and functioning of plant species, since it influences the proper development of most physiological and metabolic processes of the plant. Water scarcity, due to climate change, is one of the most worrying problems that agricultural science is currently focusing on. In this report, the severity with which this factor affects individuals of 14 different olive cultivars was analyzed, determining a series of photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of tolerance to drought, with the aim of evaluating which of them presentgreater resistance or sensitivity. to water deficit. These cultivars are of special importance since they are the most representative in the existing olive groves throughout the Mediterranean basin. Measurements of photosynthetic parameters, soil moisture, and biochemical parameters have been carried out to be able to discern among these 14 varieties, the most tolerant, and the most sensitive among them, corresponding to Chemlali, Sikitita and Arbosana as the most resistant. to the water deficit of those analyzed and Koroneiki, Cornezuelo de Jaén and Manzanilla de Sevilla. as the most sensitive to drought
[EN] Water stress is one of the major abiotic factors in the life cycle and functioning of plant species, since it influences the proper development of most physiological and metabolic processes of the plant. Water scarcity, due to climate change, is one of the most worrying problems that agricultural science is currently focusing on. In this report, the severity with which this factor affects individuals of 14 different olive cultivars was analyzed, determining a series of photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of tolerance to drought, with the aim of evaluating which of them presentgreater resistance or sensitivity. to water deficit. These cultivars are of special importance since they are the most representative in the existing olive groves throughout the Mediterranean basin. Measurements of photosynthetic parameters, soil moisture, and biochemical parameters have been carried out to be able to discern among these 14 varieties, the most tolerant, and the most sensitive among them, corresponding to Chemlali, Sikitita and Arbosana as the most resistant. to the water deficit of those analyzed and Koroneiki, Cornezuelo de Jaén and Manzanilla de Sevilla. as the most sensitive to drought